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Mirrors and Observation: The MSM Routine

Poor mirror use is a top fault on driving tests. Learn when, why, and how to use mirrors correctly.

6 min read

Failing to check mirrors is one of the most common causes of serious driving test faults. The Mirrors-Signal-Manoeuvre (MSM) routine must become completely automatic. This guide explains when, where, and how examiners expect you to use your mirrors.

The Full Guide

MSM stands for Mirrors — Signal — Manoeuvre. Before any change of direction, speed, or position, you must check your mirrors first. The order matters: check mirrors, THEN signal, THEN act. Signalling before checking mirrors is a fault because you might have signalled into the path of an overtaking vehicle.

Common Faults

  • Not checking mirrors before signalling
  • Not checking mirrors before braking
  • Checking the wrong mirror — left mirror before moving right
  • Not checking blind spots before moving off or overtaking
  • Mirror checks that are too quick to be genuine
  • Forgetting mirrors during manoeuvres while concentrating on accuracy

What the Examiner Looks For

  • Visible head movement — not just eye flicks
  • Mirrors checked in the correct sequence: mirror before signal
  • Regular observation — not just at junctions
  • Appropriate response to what you see in mirrors (e.g. easing off for a tailgater)
  • Blind spot checks before any vulnerable position change

Quick Tips

  • 1Set your mirrors correctly before every drive — adjust to your seat position
  • 2Narrate your checks while practising: "centre, right mirror, signal right"
  • 3Never signal without checking a mirror first — ever
  • 4Examiners are watching your head — make your checks visible

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